Understanding Surgical Risks and Considerations
Understanding the Risks Associated with Surgery
Surgery is a medical procedure that carries inherent risks and potential complications. While advancements in surgical techniques and healthcare standards have improved safety, it remains important for individuals to make informed decisions and understand both the benefits and risks before proceeding with any surgical procedure.
This article provides general information only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice. If you are considering surgery, please consult with a registered health practitioner.
Common Surgical Risks and Considerations
Scarring
Scarring is a normal part of the healing process following any surgical incision. The appearance and severity of scars may vary depending on factors such as genetics, skin type, and the size and location of the incision. While many scars fade over time, individual outcomes differ, and it is advisable to discuss likely outcomes with your surgeon during the consultation process.
Bruising and Swelling
Bruising and swelling are common after surgical procedures. These symptoms usually resolve with time, but their extent may vary. Following your surgeon’s post-operative instructions—such as elevating the area, applying cold compresses, and avoiding strenuous activity—may help to manage these symptoms.
Pain
Some level of discomfort or pain is expected following surgery. Pain management strategies, including prescribed medications and adequate rest, are usually provided by your treating team. Individual experiences of pain can vary depending on the procedure and personal tolerance levels.
Infection
While uncommon, infections can occur following surgery. Signs may include redness, discharge, increased pain, or delayed healing. Healthcare providers take precautionary measures to reduce infection risk, and patients play a vital role by adhering to post-operative care instructions.
Hematoma
A hematoma is a collection of blood that may form under the skin following surgery. This can cause swelling, discomfort, or pressure at the surgical site. In some cases, intervention may be required to resolve the issue. Patients are encouraged to report any concerning symptoms to their healthcare provider.
Seroma
Seromas are collections of fluid that may develop after surgery. They are generally minor but may require drainage or observation. Discuss any unusual swelling or discomfort with your surgeon to determine the best course of action.
Anaesthesia Risks
Anaesthesia is used to ensure comfort during surgical procedures. As with all medical interventions, there are potential risks, including allergic reactions and side effects. Your anaesthetist will assess your medical history to reduce the likelihood of complications.
Nerve Sensitivity or Damage
Temporary numbness, tingling, or altered sensation may occur in the area of surgery. While most nerve effects are temporary, it is important to be aware of this possibility and discuss it with your surgeon beforehand.
Cosmetic Dissatisfaction
Every patient’s body responds differently to surgery. In some cases, the cosmetic outcome may not meet initial expectations. It is essential to maintain realistic goals and communicate openly with your healthcare provider about what can and cannot be achieved.
Mortality
Although rare, serious complications—including death—can occur during or after surgery. Patient safety protocols, thorough pre-operative assessment, and modern surgical practices aim to reduce these risks.
Reducing Risk and Making Informed Choices
To reduce risks associated with surgery, consider the following:
-
Choose a qualified and experienced specialist plastic surgeon registered with the Medical Board of Australia.
-
Ensure the procedure is performed in an accredited facility.
-
Understand the procedure, including risks, benefits, and recovery expectations.
-
Follow all pre- and post-operative care instructions.
-
Maintain open and honest communication with your healthcare provider.
-
Live a healthy lifestyle before and after surgery.
-
Approach surgery with realistic expectations.
Surgery should never be undertaken lightly. It is important to carefully consider your reasons, understand all associated risks, and consult with a registered health professional before proceeding.
Disclaimer
This content is adapted from educational material developed with reference to the work and insights of Dr Steven Liew (MED0001151298, FRACS) and Dr Ania Smialkowski (MED0001668109, FRACS), who are Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons (RACS).The information provided is general in nature and should not be construed as individual medical advice. For personal medical guidance, please consult a registered medical practitioner.
